Rapid Gender Analysis: where are women and girls in the Venezuela earthquake?

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This Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA) was developed by The Geneva Learning Foundation’s Insights Unit on 1 July 2026. It is based on secondary data review of primary sources published 24 June to 1 July 2026.

A. Executive summary

The most important finding: women and girls were already responding before any official rescue team arrived, and they are the most reliable providers of sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence services in the country. They also have almost no money and no seat at the coordination table.

Sex-disaggregated data on the dead, injured, and displaced does not exist as of 1 July 2026. Every recommendation about women and girls therefore rests on structural reasoning and early field reports rather than a confirmed count.

What is confirmed (as of 30 June 2026):

• At least 1,943 people are confirmed dead, a figure that is rising each day.
• 10,571 people are recorded as injured.
• More than 43,000 people are listed as missing on a national tracking database. The UN Emergency Relief Coordinator puts the figure at over 50,000.
• 15,800 people are officially displaced. Field reports describe far larger numbers sleeping outdoors.
• Up to 6.76 million people may be affected across seven states, with La Guaira, Caracas, Carabobo, Miranda, Aragua, and Falcón worst hit.
• 680,000 children need humanitarian assistance, and 1.8 million people need immediate help.

No official sex-disaggregated breakdown of any of these figures has been published.

What the field reports already show:

• 22 cases of sexual violence were identified in displacement shelters within the first 72 hours by one organisation working in a limited number of sites. This is a floor, not a total.
• WHO confirmed that midwifery professionals went missing in La Guaira, leaving a gap in obstetric care in the worst-hit state, on top of a pre-crisis maternal mortality ratio of 125 deaths per 100,000 live births.
• Fòs Feminista’s alliance partners are the only reliable source of contraception and sexual and reproductive health care in Venezuela, yet they were receiving no emergency public funding as of this writing.
• Before the earthquake, 62% of people receiving humanitarian assistance in Venezuela were women and girls, so the majority of the people now cut off from basic services are women and girls.

Recommendations based on these findings:

1. Allocate unrestricted emergency cash to women-led organizations, without requiring a competitive proposal process.
2. Add sex and age disaggregation to all mortality, injury, and displacement reporting, retrospectively where possible, as a standard going forward.
3. Give named Venezuelan women-led organisations a formal seat at every cluster coordination meeting.
4. Open screened safe spaces for women and girls in every displacement site, staffed by trained GBV responders, within 48 hours.
5. Maintain and map all remaining sexual and reproductive health and obstetric care facilities, and report their status daily to the health cluster.

Limits of this analysis: No primary data collection was conducted. The analysis was produced on 1 July 2026, seven days after the earthquakes. It must be updated as soon as field-level data is available from Venezuelan women-led organisations.

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B. Situation and gendered impact

The earthquakes struck a country whose humanitarian system had already collapsed

The earthquake added a shock to a chronic emergency rather than a crisis to a stable baseline. The earthquake did not create a gender emergency. It deepened one that had been building for a decade.

• On 24 June 2026, two earthquakes of magnitude 7.2 and 7.5 struck northwestern Venezuela 39 seconds apart, centred in Yaracuy state along the San Sebastián fault.
• Before the earthquakes, 7.9 million Venezuelans already needed humanitarian assistance, and Venezuelan civil society estimates placed that figure as high as 12.4 million.
• Only 15.8% of Venezuela’s 2026 humanitarian response plan had been funded as of May 2026, so the baseline services that women and girls depended on, including health clinics, protection desks, and safe spaces, were running on almost nothing.
• 60% of hospitals, 80% of specialist clinics, and 90% of primary care centres were already suspended or closed before 24 June.

The death toll is confirmed at more than 1,900, but no one knows how many of the dead are women, men, girls, or boys

• At least 1,943 people are confirmed dead and 10,571 are injured as of 30 June 2026.
• USGS modelling assigns a 44% probability that the final toll will reach 10,000 to 100,000 deaths.
• No official breakdown by sex or age has been published for the dead, injured, or displaced. That absence has direct consequences. Protection responses cannot target resources toward the groups most at risk, and the response is building on guesswork.
• Pre-earthquake, 62% of people receiving humanitarian assistance in Venezuela were women and girls, the strongest available proxy for who the earthquake found most exposed.

Housing that was already dangerous explains why so many buildings collapsed, and the poorest people lived in the most precarious housing

• 53% of Venezuela’s population lived in homes needing rehabilitation before the earthquake. In La Guaira, the worst-hit state, the figure was 61.8%.
• These housing conditions came from a decade of economic collapse, during which approximately 9.9 million Venezuelans, 30% of the population, left the country, stripping communities of remittances and the labour needed to maintain homes.
• The people who remained in the most precarious housing were disproportionately older adults, women heads of household, and families without the income to reach safer options.
• NASA Sentinel analysis found that 31.5% of buildings in Catia La Mar, a dense coastal district of La Guaira, were damaged.

Maternal health was in crisis before the earthquake, and the loss of midwifery staff now leaves pregnant women in La Guaira without reliable obstetric care

• Before the earthquake, Venezuela had 125 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, among the highest in Latin America, driven by a decade of physician emigration in which approximately 60% of the country’s doctors left Venezuela since 2014.
• WHO confirmed that midwifery professionals went missing in La Guaira after the earthquake, leaving what WHO described as a critical gap in obstetric care.
• A doctor delivered a baby under the rubble of collapsed buildings in La Guaira, an event widely reported and a marker of the conditions pregnant women faced in the immediate aftermath.
• UNICEF confirmed that damage to hospitals in La Guaira, Caracas, Carabobo, Aragua, and Falcón is affecting the care of pregnant women and children, and that multi-service spaces in displacement sites would need to include antenatal care.
• Before the earthquake, Venezuela had an adolescent pregnancy rate of approximately 95 births per 1,000 adolescents aged 15 to 19, which means a significant share of the pregnant women now without obstetric care are girls.

The exposure pathway here is structural: a decade of underfunding, a political crisis that drove doctors to emigrate, a state that ceased to maintain the health system, and earthquake damage that closed the remaining facilities.

Sexual and reproductive health services were already near collapse, and Fòs Feminista’s partners are now the primary provider without emergency funding

• UNFPA reports an 80% shortage of contraceptive supplies in Venezuela even before the earthquake.
• Fòs Feminista states that its alliance partners deliver more than 3 million sexual and reproductive health services per year in Venezuela and that “our partners are the only reliable source of contraception and SRH care in the country.” These organisations opened facilities on 24 June, the day of the earthquakes, and have continued operating.
• UNFPA activated a Level 2 emergency and allocated \$500,000 on 25 June, which covers essential reproductive health kits and the salaries of SRH staff. It does not yet reach Fòs Feminista’s partner network with emergency cash.
• UNFPA’s flash update lists clinical management of rape as a service that must remain available from the earliest stages, which confirms this as a known gap being tracked.

Gender-based violence is already occurring in displacement sites, and only one organisation has published data

Tinta Violeta, a Venezuelan women-led organisation operating in La Guaira and Caracas, identified 22 cases of sexual violence in displacement shelters within the first 72 hours.

• This figure covers one organisation working in a limited number of sites. It is a floor, not a total. No other GBV service provider has published incidence data for this event.
• The structural conditions that increase GBV risk are all confirmed: crowded mixed-sex displacement sites without screened sleeping areas, breakdown of community protection networks, loss of income producing acute economic pressure on households, and an absence of formal law enforcement that communities trust.

Before the earthquake, UNFPA documented rising GBV rates including sexual slavery of indigenous and displaced women and girls in border and rural areas by criminal groups. The earthquake has displaced tens of thousands of women into sites where protection is minimal.

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• These drivers come from a collapsed state, a decade of forced migration that severed family protection networks, criminal groups that filled the vacuum left by state absence, and a funding crisis that left GBV services running below minimum capacity.
• A displaced woman interviewed at an outdoor site in Caracas described receiving one meal a day and said that security checkpoints were blocking donated goods from reaching her. This is itself a protection concern. Women in displacement depend on gatekeepers for food and access, a structural condition for exploitation.

Protection from sexual exploitation and abuse by responders is a live risk, with 27 countries sending rescue teams and no oversight mechanisms yet in place

• 27 countries and more than 2,200 rescue workers entered Venezuela within days of the earthquakes.
• There is no public record of a PSEA (prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse) briefing for incoming international responders as of 1 July 2026.
• Displacement sites are crowded, poorly lit, and lack accountability structures. Women and girls who depend on aid for food and shelter face heightened risk of transactional relationships with those distributing resources.
• This is a statement that the structural conditions for exploitation are present and that the absence of documented PSEA measures is a gap, not a claim that abuse is occurring.
• The health cluster and the Protection Cluster should confirm whether PSEA briefings have been delivered to all incoming teams before this paragraph needs revising.

Children face elevated risk of separation, trafficking, and missing-person status, and the response has no systematic family tracing mechanism yet

• 680,000 children in five states need humanitarian assistance as of 27 June 2026.
• IRC is prioritising family tracing and reunification and has named child protection risks as elevated, but no government-led or UN-coordinated systematic family tracing mechanism has been announced publicly.
• With more than 43,000 people missing, including an unknown number of children, the scale of potential family separation is significant.
• Girls in separated households face higher risk of child marriage, transactional relationships, and trafficking, particularly in communities where criminal networks were already active before the earthquake.
• 432 schools in the Capital District alone have been preliminarily reported as damaged, and many schools have been converted to displacement sites, which reduces the structured environment that gives children a degree of protection.

Venezuelans organised the rescue before any government team arrived, and women were among the first and most active responders

• Residents of La Guaira were digging survivors out with their hands before any official rescue team or international mission arrived.
• A volunteer brigade of 50 people from Barquisimeto, led by a woman named Anaís, travelled to La Guaira and began extracting survivors and recovering bodies on the first night. The New Humanitarian documented their work and the government’s slow parallel response.
• Tinta Violeta opened a free psychological support hotline the same day as the earthquake and was conducting protection assessments in shelters within 72 hours.
• Fòs Feminista’s alliance partners kept SRH facilities open on 24 June itself and began distributing emergency supplies to affected health workers.
• CESAP’s network of 19 civil society organisations established a community kitchen in La Guaira within days.
• Motorbike volunteer networks in Caracas organised independently to scout damage, map needs, and route supplies, which demonstrates the logistics intelligence already present in the community.

These organisations are not beneficiaries of the international response. They are the response. The question for international actors is not whether to build response capacity among Venezuelan women-led groups, but how quickly to fund and support what already exists.

The government is both a necessary partner and an obstacle, and access decisions have already blocked aid once

Women-led organisations navigating access restrictions face particular risk. Security forces are less likely to recognise them as legitimate actors and more likely to stop them at checkpoints.

This reflects a state that has spent years restricting civil society and is now operating under a contested post-Maduro leadership structure with limited institutional coherence.

• Acting President Delcy Rodríguez declared a state of emergency on 24 June 2026 and has been the principal spokesperson for the response.
• Early in the response, La Guaira was placed under military control, and there were documented delays in allowing heavy machinery and volunteer teams to enter the hardest-hit areas.
• The New Humanitarian reported that security checkpoints were blocking donated goods from reaching displaced people and that volunteers described being turned away or delayed.
• X (formerly Twitter) was unblocked on 26 June under pressure from the United Nations, having been blocked since August 2024, an indicator of the political environment in which the response is operating.

The analysis was built from public documents and secondary data, not with Venezuelan women, which limits its validity

This RGA drew on flash updates from UNFPA, UNICEF, OCHA, and IOM, situation reports from CARE, Fòs Feminista, World Vision, and RET International, reporting from The New Humanitarian, Reuters, AP, and Al Jazeera, USGS seismic data, and pre-crisis baseline data from the Healthy Newborn Network and the World Bank. The findings from Tinta Violeta (22 GBV cases in 72 hours), Fòs Feminista (SRH access), and CESAP (community kitchens) are the closest thing to locally generated primary knowledge in this document. No structured consultation with affected women was conducted.

This matters because the international framework being used, including IASC clusters, UNFPA level activations, and CARE RGA tools, organises the response around categories that may or may not reflect how Venezuelan women and girls understand their own situation, their own priorities, and their own knowledge about what works.

This document extracted publicly available information. It did not shift resources, decision authority, or credit to Venezuelan women-led organisations in the process of producing it. That must happen in the funding decisions that follow.

C. Recommendations

Eight recommendations follow, ordered by urgency rather than by sector. Each names an actor, states a concrete action, links it to a specific finding, and names a budget line or decision-making seat.

Recommendation 1. Allocate unrestricted emergency cash to Tinta Violeta, Fòs Feminista’s Venezuelan partner organisations, and CESAP within 72 hours

• Actor: Donors and the UNFPA country office.
• Action: Transfer unrestricted operational funding directly to these three organisations without requiring a competitive proposal process. The amount should cover at minimum 90 days of operations at current capacity.
• Links to finding: Tinta Violeta is the only organisation that has published GBV incidence data from displacement sites. Fòs Feminista’s partners are described as “the only reliable source” of sexual and reproductive health care in the country. CESAP is already feeding displaced families. All three were operating before international teams arrived.
• Budget line: Emergency Cash Grants to Local Partners. If no such line exists in the current response budget, create one as a standard first-72-hours allocation in future appeals, drawing on the model used by CARE International’s Local Humanitarian Leadership fund.

Recommendation 2. Open screened safe spaces for women and girls in every displacement site within 48 hours

• Actor: Protection Cluster, with local partners executing.
• Action: Set up physically separated, screened sleeping areas for women and girls in every formal and informal displacement site. Staff each with at minimum one trained GBV responder. Post the number for Tinta Violeta’s support hotline in every site.
• Link to finding: 22 cases of sexual violence were already identified in displacement shelters within the first 72 hours. Field reports describe women sleeping outdoors on sheets without tents, with limited privacy and security.
• Budget line: Protection Cluster cash allocation, UNHCR shelter standards budget, GBV sub-cluster.

Recommendation 3. Give Tinta Violeta, Fòs Feminista partner representatives, and at least one representative of the volunteer brigade networks a formal seat at every cluster coordination meeting

• Actor: Humanitarian Coordinator Gianluca Rampolla and all cluster leads.
• Action: Issue standing invitations, not observer status, to named Venezuelan women-led organisations at health, protection, shelter, and food security cluster meetings. Add one rotating seat for a community volunteer coordinator.
• Link to finding: The response has been coordinated through international actors while local organisations, which have more access and community trust, are operating without coordination support or official recognition. Participation rarely gets its own cluster and is the first element to be dropped.
• Budget line: Coordination budget. There is no additional cost if done as a standing invitation. The cost is a seat, not a budget line.

Recommendation 4. Require sex and age disaggregation in all mortality, injury, displacement, and assistance data from this point forward, and request retrospective disaggregation from the Venezuelan government

• Actor: OCHA, all cluster leads, the Venezuelan government’s National Emergency Management Office.
• Action: Refuse to publish aggregate figures without a sex-disaggregated breakdown in all situation reports dated after 1 July 2026. Make a formal public request to the Venezuelan government for retrospective disaggregation of casualty records.
• Link to finding: No sex or age breakdown exists for any of the core figures, whether dead, injured, displaced, or missing, as of 1 July 2026. Without this data, it is impossible to direct targeted resources, verify whether women and girls are accessing services proportionally, or hold the response accountable.
• Budget line: Information management budget within OCHA. There is zero marginal cost if data collection is redesigned from the start.

Recommendation 5. Map and maintain all remaining sexual and reproductive health and obstetric care facilities in La Guaira, Caracas, Carabobo, Aragua, and Falcón, and report their status daily to the health cluster

• Actor: Health Cluster, UNFPA, and Fòs Feminista partner organisations jointly.
• Action: Produce and update daily a facility-level map of which SRH and obstetric care sites are operational, semi-operational, or closed, with GPS coordinates accessible to community volunteers and motorbike networks. Add information on availability of emergency contraception and rape management kits.
• Link to finding: WHO confirmed midwifery professionals went missing in La Guaira. UNFPA identified emergency obstetric care as a known gap from the first day. The pre-crisis maternal mortality ratio of 125 deaths per 100,000 live births means pregnant women are entering the earthquake response already at high risk.
• Budget line: Health Cluster information management, UNFPA country office, existing Fòs Feminista partner operational budgets.

Recommendation 6. Issue a PSEA briefing to all incoming international rescue and aid teams before they enter displacement sites, and post a community reporting mechanism in every site

• Actor: Response leadership (Humanitarian Coordinator’s office) and all team leaders of incoming international missions.
• Action: Deliver a mandatory, one-hour PSEA briefing to every incoming international team before they begin work. Post a visible, multilingual community complaints and feedback mechanism in every displacement site within 48 hours.
• Link to finding: 27 countries sent rescue teams within days of the earthquakes. No public record of a PSEA briefing exists as of 1 July 2026. The structural conditions for exploitation, including crowded sites, dependency on aid, and loss of community networks, are all confirmed present.
• Budget line: Humanitarian Coordinator’s coordination budget. There is no additional cost if done as a standard onboarding requirement.

Recommendation 7. Establish a rapid family tracing mechanism for children, prioritising girls aged 10 to 18, in coordination with IRC and Venezuelan community networks within 48 hours

• Actor: Child Protection Sub-Cluster, IRC, and Venezuelan community volunteer networks.
• Action: Deploy family tracing teams to all displacement sites and set up a publicly advertised family reunification hotline in Spanish. Prioritise cases involving unaccompanied girls aged 10 to 18. Share the database with Tinta Violeta, which already operates a protection hotline.
• Link to finding: IRC flagged elevated child protection risks from the first days and is prioritising family tracing. More than 43,000 people are missing. Girls separated from families face heightened risk of trafficking, child marriage, and exploitation given the pre-existing presence of criminal networks in the affected states.
• Budget line: Child Protection Sub-Cluster, IRC operational budget. There is no additional cost if Tinta Violeta’s hotline is extended with a cash grant (see Recommendation 1).

Recommendation 8. Commission an update to this RGA within ten days, built with Venezuelan women-led organisations as co-authors, not as interview subjects

• Actor: Humanitarian Coordinator’s office, in partnership with CARE, UNFPA, and any donor willing to fund it.
• Action: Provide Tinta Violeta, Fòs Feminista partner organisations, and CESAP with a small grant and administrative support to produce a ten-day update to this document. The international coordinator’s role is to handle translation, formatting, and dissemination, not to write the analysis. Credit the Venezuelan organisations as authors on the cover.
• Link to finding: This document was produced entirely from secondary sources with no participation from affected Venezuelan women. It describes what organisations said about women and girls, not what women and girls said about themselves. The knowledge gap is a structural problem that requires a structural fix, not more international analysis.
• Budget line: Rapid gender analysis budget, CARE Local Humanitarian Leadership fund, any bilateral donor emergency envelope.

Limitations of this Rapid Gender Analysis

Learn more: Reimagining Rapid Gender Analysis as decolonial practice

This RGA was built entirely from secondary sources, including flash updates and situation reports from UN agencies and international NGOs, media reporting, USGS seismic data, and pre-crisis baselines from the Healthy Newborn Network and the World Bank. No one on the drafting team spoke with affected women, girls, men, or boys, or with Venezuelan women-led organisations. It therefore describes what organisations said about women and girls, not what women and girls said about themselves. The public reports of Tinta Violeta, Fòs Feminista, and CESAP are the closest thing here to locally generated knowledge, and credit for that knowledge belongs to them, so any recommendation touching Venezuelan women’s needs should be read as drawn from their statements rather than from this analysis alone. These groups appear because they are visible in public reporting, not because they are the only ones doing this work, and a wider, less visible network of community-based groups almost certainly exists. The international categories used here, such as IASC clusters and UNFPA activations, may not match how Venezuelan women and girls understand their own priorities, and producing this document shifted no resources, decision authority, or credit to them, which is why Recommendation 8 proposes that the next version be co-authored with them.

References

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22. UNFPA (2026). Flash Update on the Earthquakes in Venezuela (24–26 June 2026). UNFPA, 26 June 2026. https://www.unfpa.org/resources/flash-update-earthquakes-venezuela-24-26-june-2026
23. USGS (2026). M 7.5 — 23 km SE of Yumare, Venezuela. United States Geological Survey, 24 June 2026. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000t7zp/executive
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25. World Vision (2026). Venezuela Earthquake Overview, June 26, 2026. World Vision, 26 June 2026. https://www.wvi.org/publications/venezuela-crisis/venezuela-earthquake-overview-june-26-2026

Additional background consulted but not hyperlinked inline:

1. Miyamoto International (2026). Venezuela’s strongest earthquake in 125 years: What happened on June 24, 2026. Miyamoto International, 24 June 2026. https://miyamotointernational.com/venezuelas-strongest-earthquake-in-125-years-what-happened-on-june-24-2026/
2. Reuters (2026). Venezuela races to rescue hundreds trapped in rubble after major twin earthquakes. Reuters, 25 June 2026. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/thousands-feared-dead-after-two-major-earthquakes-strike-venezuela-2026-06-25/
3. AP / New Indian Express (2026). Thousands missing, 235 declared dead as Venezuela begins massive earthquake recovery effort. Associated Press, 26 June 2026. https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2026/Jun/26/thousands-missing-235-declared-dead-as-venezuela-begins-massive-earthquake-recovery-effort